Batalla de Roncesvalles (778) Historical milestone · Orreaga/Roncesvalles, Pirineo, Navarra Image of Orreaga/Roncesvalles, not of the place itself. On 15 August 778, at the Roncesvalles pass, the Vascones ambushed and annihilated the rear guard of Charlemagne's army, which was returning to France after a failed campaign against Zaragoza. Three centuries later, the "Song of Roland" (late 11th century) turned that ambush into a great pitched battle against the Saracens and its commander, Roland, into a legendary hero of medieval chivalry, radically transforming the historical episode into epic material. 15 de agosto de 778 Photo: Ángel M. Felicísimo (CC BY-SA 4.0) What to see and do in Orreaga/Roncesvalles