The separation of the two Escorials Historical milestone · El Escorial, Cuenca del Guadarrama, Madrid Image of El Escorial, not of the place itself. The settlement grown up beside the monastery was constituted as its own municipality in 1836 under the name of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, splitting off from the old village. Since then they are popularly distinguished as El Escorial de Abajo and El Escorial de Arriba. 26 de septiembre de 1836 Photo: Bernard Gagnon (CC BY-SA 3.0) What to see and do in El Escorial